Fm 31 28 Fouo Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat 1 December 1999 25 Today

Behind the Red Cover: Deconstructing FM 31-28 (FOUO) – The Lost Bible of Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat (1 December 1999)

Introduction: A Phantom Manual for a Concrete Jungle

In the annals of modern military doctrine, few documents have carried the mystique of FM 31-28 (FOUO), titled Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat, effective 1 December 1999. Unlike its predecessor, the conventional FM 90-10 (Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain), this manual was not for line infantry or mechanized battalions. It was written specifically for the green berets of the U.S. Army Special Forces (SF), the “quiet professionals” who operate in small teams behind enemy lines.

Introduction In the landscape of late 20th-century military doctrine, few publications were as anticipated or as necessary as FM 31-28 (ARC): Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat. Published on December 1, 1999, and marked FOUO (For Official Use Only), this manual represented a critical pivot in United States Army Special Forces (Green Berets) training. Behind the Red Cover: Deconstructing FM 31-28 (FOUO)

• Close Quarters Marksmanship: SF teams must be able to engage targets at close range, using techniques such as point shooting and instinctive shooting.
• Hand-to-Hand Combat: Teams must also be proficient in hand-to-hand combat, using techniques such as Krav Maga and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.

Disclaimer: The U.S. Army does not endorse the release of current FOUO or classified documents. This article is for historical and doctrinal analysis based on unclassified, declassified, and academic sources. Do not attempt to distribute or obtain restricted records. Close Quarters Marksmanship : SF teams must be

course, which every Special Forces Operational Detachment Alpha (SFODA) must undergo to maintain mission readiness. It focuses on three core areas: specialforcestraining.info Advanced Marksmanship Disclaimer: The U

• Clearing buildings: Techniques for clearing buildings, including room clearing, stairwell clearing, and roof clearing.
• Urban navigation: Techniques for navigating urban terrain, including map reading, route planning, and use of landmarks.
• Concealment and cover: Techniques for using concealment and cover in urban environments, including use of buildings, walls, and other features.
• Close quarters combat: Techniques for close quarters combat in urban environments, including use of firearms, hand-to-hand combat, and less-lethal options.