The following Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) outlines the diagnostic framework for the 20 most common global diseases based on updated 2024–2026 clinical guidelines. These are categorized by system for streamlined primary and emergency care application World Health Organization (WHO) I. Cardiovascular Diseases Top 20 most common emergency department diagnoses

  1. History (H): Symptom onset, duration, severity, and risk factors.
  2. Index of Suspicion (I): Epidemiological context.
  3. Screening Tests (S): Initial, low-cost, high-sensitivity tools.
  4. Targeted Testing (T): Confirmatory labs or imaging.
  5. Observation/Referral (O): Red flags and when to escalate.
  6. Review & Update (R): Reassessment based on new data.
  7. Yearly Integration (Y): Updated criteria from current guidelines.
  8. Physical Exam (P): Key findings.
  9. Exclusion (E): Ruling out mimics.