Biology O Level 5090 | Notes Better

Review Title: A Comprehensive and Improved Biology O Level 5090 Notes

Mastering Cambridge O Level Biology (5090): How to Build Notes That Are Better Than Textbooks

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• Problem: Water enters freshwater amoeba by osmosis; humans lose water by sweating/urination.
• Amoeba solution: Contractile vacuole – collects and expels excess water. (Draw a cycle: water enters → vacuole forms → fuses with membrane → expels).
• Human solution: Kidney – ADH control. Make a tiny table:

Theme 3: Human Nutrition and Transport

3.1 Digestive System (Enzymes)

• Mechanical Digestion: Chewing/churning to increase surface area.
• Chemical Digestion: Breaking down large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules using enzymes.

Practical skills:

Topic 4: Nutrition in Humans (Digestive System)

Organs & Functions

| Organ | Function |
|-------|----------|
| Mouth | physical digestion (teeth), amylase breaks starch |
| Stomach | pepsin (protein digestion), HCl kills bacteria |
| Small intestine | final digestion & absorption (villi) |
| Large intestine | absorbs water | Review Title: A Comprehensive and Improved Biology O

Key Enzymes: Focus on amylase (mouth/small intestine), pepsin (stomach), and lipase (small intestine) functions. Problem: Water enters freshwater amoeba by osmosis; humans

Overall Impression: